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|native_name = |common_name = Ireland |linking_name = the Republic of Ireland |area_link = #Geography |image_flag = Flag of Ireland.svg |flag_caption = Flag |symbol_width = 65px |image_coat = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = EU-Ireland.svg |map_caption = |image_map2 = Ei-map.svg |map2_width = 250px |national_anthem = "" |languages_type = Official languages |languages = |languages2_type = National language |languages2 = Irish〔 |languages2_sub = yes |ethnic_groups_year = 2011〔 |ethnic_groups = | | }} |demonym = Irish |capital = Dublin |latd=53 |latm=20.65 |latNS=N |longd=6 |longm=16.05 |longEW=W |largest_city = capital |government_type = constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Michael D. Higgins |leader_title2 = Taoiseach |leader_name2 = Enda Kenny |leader_title3 = Tánaiste |leader_name3 = Joan Burton |legislature = Oireachtas |upper_house = Seanad |lower_house = Dáil |accession_EU_date = 1 January 1973 |area_km2 = 70,273 |area_sq_mi = 27,133 |area_rank = 120th |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |percent_water = 2.00 |population_estimate = |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_census = 4,588,252 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_census_rank = 121st |population_density_km2 = 65.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 168.8 |population_density_rank = 142nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = $250.286 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ireland )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 56th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $53,841〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 11th |GDP_nominal = $227.498 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 42nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $48,939〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 14th |Gini_year = 2011 |Gini_change = |Gini = 29.8 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = decrease |HDI = 0.899 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 11th |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom |established_event1 = Proclamation |established_date1 = 24 April 1916 |established_event2 = Declaration |established_date2 = 21 January 1919 |established_event3 = Anglo-Irish Treaty |established_date3 = 6 December 1921 |established_event4 = 1922 constitution |established_date4 = 6 December 1922 |established_event5 = 1937 constitution |established_date5 = 29 December 1937 |established_event6 = Republic Act |established_date6 = 18 April 1949 |currency = Euro (€)〔Prior to 2002, Ireland used the punt (Irish pound) as its circulated currency. The euro was introduced as an accounting currency in 1999.〕 |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = GMT/WET |utc_offset = |time_zone_DST = IST/WEST |utc_offset_DST = +1 |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = left |calling_code = +353 |cctld = .ie |footnote_a = (Article 4 ) of the Constitution of Ireland declares that the name of the state is ''Ireland''; (Section 2 ) of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 declares that ''Republic of Ireland'' is "the description of the State". |footnote_b = The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. }} Ireland (; (アイルランド語:Éire) ), also known as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, located in the eastern part of the island, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The ' (legislature) consists of a lower house, ' (House of Representatives, lit. 'Assembly of Ireland'), an upper house, ' (Senate of Ireland), and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the ' (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, and appoints other government ministers. The Irish Free State was created in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It effectively became a republic, with an elected president, under the constitution of 1937, in which it was named "Ireland". It was officially declared a republic in 1949. Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955. It joined the European Economic Community (EEC), predecessor of the European Union, in 1973. The state had no formal relations with Northern Ireland for most of the twentieth century, but during the 1980s and 1990s the British and Irish governments worked with the Northern Ireland parties towards a resolution to "the Troubles". Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, the Irish government and Northern Ireland executive have co-operated on a number of policy areas under the North-South Ministerial Council created by the Agreement. Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. After joining the EEC, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007, during which it became known as the Celtic Tiger. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.〔"EU: Causes of Growth differentials in Europe", WAWFA think tank〕 In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. Ireland is a member of the European Union and is a founding member of the Council of Europe and the OECD. The Irish government has followed a policy of neutrality through non-alignment since immediately prior to World War II and the country is consequently not a member of NATO, although it does participate in Partnership for Peace. ==Name== (詳細はcounties of Ireland, was "styled and known as the Irish Free State". The Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937, provides that "the name of the State is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland". Section 2 of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 states, "It is hereby declared that the description of the State shall be the Republic of Ireland." The 1948 Act does not ''name'' the state as "Republic of Ireland", because to have done so would have put it in conflict with the Constitution.〔Gallagher, Michael, "The changing constitution", in 〕 The government of the United Kingdom used the name "Eire" (without the diacritic), and, from 1949, "Republic of Ireland", for the state;〔Oliver, J.D.B., ''What's in a Name'', in Note: the author incorrectly uses "Éire", with the diacritic〕 it was not until the 1998 Good Friday Agreement that it used the name "Ireland".〔Oliver (2004), p. 178; Daly (2007), p. 80〕 As well as "Ireland", "Éire" or "the Republic of Ireland", the state is also referred to as "the Republic", "Southern Ireland" or "the South". In an Irish republican context it is often referred to as "the Free State" or "the 26 Counties". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Republic of Ireland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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